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Qatar 2022 Model football stadium

As part of the bid, Arup Associates has designed a 500-seater “model stadium” that will be carbon zero and be a development platform to refine these technologies for application across Qatar and potentially across all arid regions. The Showcase was commissioned in order to demonstrate to FIFA and the world-wide audience that the harsh climate over the summer months is no longer a barrier to hosting global events.

It is an investigation into innovative, cutting-edge solutions for creating a controlled microclimate over and around the football field, and other public spaces. Paramount to the Showcase is the promotion of sustainability, environmentally friendly technologies and first-of-its-kind innovation. The Showcase serves as a proof-of-concept for innovative cooling and climate control technologies.

The Showcase is based on three key aspects: an exciting architecture and structure which develops traditional passive design ideas to a new energy-saving and comfortable architecture; photovoltaics that convert the energy of the sun into electricity; capturing and converting the sun’s heat into cooling for summertime airconditioning using under-seat supply. The ideas used in this Showcase are intended to show how energy can be considered as an integrated aspect of architecture, engineering and infrastructure with renewable energy contributing for the first time at scale in Qatar. Following Qatar’s success in the bid, a range of stadia, fan zones and other facilities will be required for The World Cup Games

The revolving roof canopy

Revolving Roof System of Model Stadium

The compelling rhythmic geometry of The Showcase’s canopy roof plays an important part in the sustainability strategy of the stadium. The canopy roof moves to provide cooling shade within the building and insulated against the hot sun in summer. It is the first roof of its type and is already considered a pioneering move towards a more environmentally responsible approach to stadia architecture. In addition to protection from sun-light, the canopy can be positioned to protect from wind during match times and let spectators and players take advantage of natural ventilation when the weather is suitable – in Qatar the weather is great for football most of the year.

In hot conditions, the canopy can be closed in the run-up to an event to allow cooling to work at maximum efficiency, using cooling from the sun to cool down the volume ready for match time; in Qatar invariably in the summer evenings, when the roof can be opened to reveal the view of the sky. More below on how the power of the sun is captured to generate power and how solar cooling of the building volume is achieved. On approaching the Showcase, there is a “solar farm” made up of photovoltaic panels and Fresnel parabolic mirrors which focus the sun’s energy onto pipes that, in this case, have water running in them, capturing the sun’s energy.

Power from the Sun

Just outside the Showcase is a photovoltaic installation- a sun farm, connected to the structure’s electrical system and the national grid. The venues’ solar panels will operate year-round, continuously exporting electrical energy to the national grid. On a match day, the higher electrical demand will bring electricity back into the facility from the national grid.

This national grid electricity, together with generators using biofuels, provide robust and reliable power for both technical and general power, so the events are assured power during the World Cup. The amount of electricity generated in this way from the sun exceeds the amount of electricity imported for events over the year, making the facility zero carbon for electricity.

Chilling The Showcase

On the site, next to the photovoltaic panels is an array of solar heat collectors. These represent the latest generation of solar heat collectors and have a series of motorised mirrors that track the sun, focussing the sun’s power onto collecting tubes which have hot water circulating in them. They collect this energy in the form of heat, which is converted into cooling for the Showcase environment, and electricity to supply lighting, power and other functions within the space. The solar energy heats water to 200C and is converted to cooling water by machines called absorption chillers. These have been used for the last 100 years in industrial cooling systems. The cooling is then stored in eutectic tanks beneath the Showcase for use in the evening when it’s circulated into the air-handling units. The air-handling units supply this air to the area beneath the spectators seats. This cools the seating area and flows down to create cooling for the players. Importantly, the surfaces of the Showcase are designed to remain cool throughout the match to help to stabilise the heat gains from lights and people. The maximum temperatures are well below the guidelines by the FIFA medical committee to avoid players suffering significant heat stress and also beat the ASHRAE comfort standards for spectators.

Cooling Mechanism of Qatar Football Stadium

During the FIFA visit, with an outside temperature having reached 44 degrees only two hours earlier , the temperature on the pitch was recorded as 23 degree C. Prior to The Games, The Showcase runs empty and without people for the day before the event; thus, making best use of the sun’s free energy to cool the building and the pitch down. The shading roof remains closed over the space until the sun has passed overhead and the roof can be opened without letting the sunshine heat up the space. Unless the outside conditions are extremely hot and windy, then the roof and walls open to the sky and the match can commence. There is also a wall that can be opened in the Showcase to demonstrate how fan-zones may be considered during the World Cup. The Qatar 2022 Showcase offers the most sophisticated techniques for capturing and storing the power of the sun. And, as all the energy for the showcase is generated from the sun, over the year, the building has no carbon emissions.

See Also:

Megastructures

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Primavera’s Project Management module is comprehensive, multiproject planning and control software, built on SQL, Oracle, and SQL Server Express server databases for organization-wide project management scalability. The module can stand alone for project and resource management, or it can be used with companion Primavera products to manage your project portfolios.

Primavera Video Tutorials

2) AutoCAD:-

Design and shape the world around you with the powerful, flexible features found in AutoCAD® software, one of the world’s leading 2D and 3D design applications. Autodesk has been bringing efficiencies to your design process for more than 26 years. Used by millions of people globally, AutoCAD offers robust 3D free-form design tools and powerful drafting and documentation capabilities.

AutoCAD Video Tutorials

Speed Documentation

Drive projects from concept to completion with the powerful documentation tools in AutoCAD. Automation, management, and editing tools minimize repetitive tasks and accelerate your workflow. No matter your project’s size or scope, easily meet its challenges with AutoCAD. AutoCAD offers a broad toolset that helps you drive efficiencies throughout the drafting and documentation process in every industry.

• Parametric Drawing—Define relationships between objects.• Sheet Sets—Organize and manage your drawing sheets efficiently.
• Dynamic Blocks—Save time when using standard, repetitive components.
• Annotation Scaling—Spend less time sizing and resizing annotations. Don’t settle for second best. Rely on the drafting and documentation tools in AutoCAD to exceed expectations.

Explore Your Ideas

AutoCAD gives you the flexibility you need to explore design ideas in both 2D and 3D. A powerful set of intuitive tools help you visualize and shape your ideas, bringing innovative concepts to life.

• 3D Free-Form Design—Use surface, mesh, and solid modeling tools to explore and refine your ideas.
• Powerful Visualization Tools—Add impact to your designs.
• 3D Navigation Tools—Walk or fly through a model.
• Point Cloud Support—Bring 3D laser scans into AutoCAD, speeding renovation and restoration projects.

3) Vico Softwares:-

Vico Video Training

The Vico Office suite is a highly integrated solution designed specifically to bring the benefits of BIM to construction companies. The software synchronizes the 3D virtual construction model, estimating and scheduling data, and helps construction firms determine how best to construct buildings. The Vico Office suite covers project constructability, estimating, cost management, schedule planning, procurement, and the change management processes.

Using virtual construction allows you to improve project predictability, optimize schedules, reduce risk, and manage project cost.

We know that when the commercial construction market starts climbing again that BIM technologies will differentiate general contractors. What better time to get key members of your team ramped up and outfitted with best solution on the market?

Vico Office is the first integrated construction management solution for GCs that leverages the power of the 3D BIM model for 4D model-based scheduling and 5D model-based estimating. And the 3D models can come from multiple sources: architects, engineers, subs; and come in multiple flavors: Revit, Tekla, ArchiCAD, CAD-Duct.

Here are the commercially-available Vico Software products:

• Vico Doc Set Manager: identifies changes in construction drawing sets with clouding, RFIs, and change orders
• Vico Office Client: for viewing and combining models from different systems; viewing RFIs/Clouds/Change Orders; creating/reading reports
• Vico Office Constructability Manager: integrated workflow for clash detection and coordination which impacts the quantities, schedule, and cost plan
• Vico Office Takeoff Manager: for deriving construction-caliber quantities from BIM models
• Vico Office Cost Planner: for taking those quantities and creating cost plans of the model and then updating each time the model is changed
• Vico Office Cost Explorer: the first model-based budgeting application – allows the Owner to visually see which aspects of the project are contributing the change in cost
• Vico Control: our flowline theory-based scheduling application leveraging resources, productivity rates, and locations and then managing to put-in-place work

The website contains many materials to help you learn more about the 5D BIM products and services.

4) SAP2000:

SAP2000 Video Learning

The SAP name has been synonymous with state-of-the-art analytical methods since its introduction over 30 years ago. SAP2000 follows in the same tradition featuring a very sophisticated, intuitive and versatile user interface powered by an unmatched analysis engine and design tools for engineers working on transportation, industrial, public works, sports, and other facilities.

From its 3D object based graphical modeling environment to the wide variety of analysis and design options completely integrated across one powerful user interface, SAP2000 has proven to be the most integrated, productive and practical general purpose structural program on the market today.

This intuitive interface allows you to create structural models rapidly and intuitively without long learning curve delays. Now you can harness the power of SAP2000 for all of your analysis and design tasks, including small day-to-day problems. Complex Models can be generated and meshed with powerful Templates built into the interface.

The Advanced Analytical Techniques allow for Step-by-Step Large Deformation Analysis, Multiple P-Delta, Eigen and Ritz Analyses, Cable Analysis, Tension or Compression Only Analysis, Buckling Analysis, Blast Analysis, Fast Nonlinear Analysis for Dampers, Base Isolators and Support Plasticity, Energy Methods for Drift Control and Segmental Construction Analysis.

Bridge Designers can use SAP2000 Bridge Templates for generating Bridge Models, Automated Bridge Live Load Analysis and Design, Bridge Base Isolation, Bridge Construction Sequence Analysis, Large Deformation Cable Supported Bridge Analysis and Pushover Analysis.

SAP2000 is for everyone! SAP2000 is for every project! From a simple small 2D static frame analysis to a large complex 3D nonlinear dynamic analysis, SAP2000 is the answer to all structural analysis and design needs.

5) RISA 3D:

Fast, Accurate, Productive – just a few ways engineers describe RISA-3D. Easily the most popular general 3D analysis/design software available, our intuitive interface and familiar spreadsheets help you solve your next problem in minutes, not hours.

Packed with the most current steel, concrete, cold-formed steel, and timber design codes, RISA-3D gives you the tools to tackle multi-material projects with confidence.

RISA-3D also integrates seamlessly with RISAFloor and RISAFoundation, including links to top detailing, drafting, and BIM packages for a complete building design solution.

6) Mathcad:

Today’s top engineers use Mathcad to perform, document and share calculation and design work. The unique Mathcad visual format and scratchpad interface integrate live, standard mathematical notation, text and graphs in a single worksheet – making Mathcad ideal for knowledge capture, calculation reuse, and engineering collaboration.

Mathcad is engineering calculation software that drives innovation and offers significant personal and process productivity advantages for product development and engineering design projects. Unlike proprietary calculating tools and spreadsheets, Mathcad lets engineers design and document engineering calculations simultaneously with comprehensive applied math functionality and dynamic, unit-aware calculations.

Features & Benefits

• Easy to learn and use – no special programming skills required
• Increases productivity, saving engineers time and reducing errors
• Improves verification and validation of critical calculations
• Captures intellectual property and promotes calculation best practices and reuse of calculation content
• Enables secure, robust management of calculations when used with Windchill
• Complete documentation of calculations supports standards compliance.

7) Pipe 2000:-

Hydraulic pipe distribution modeling software is often designed to operate within a GIS or CAD environment. These types of environments complicate and limit the use. Pipe2010 is a powerful hydraulic pipe distribution design software originally developed for the engineer needing accurate and efficient hydraulic calculations. It’s very simple Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been under development and widely used for more than 35 years. KYPipe has been utilized by nearly every major engineering consulting firm, most nuclear facilities and has passed numerous rigorous qualification requirements. Pioneered by two world renowned Hydraulic Engineers, KYPipe has always been first and foremost a powerful hydraulic analysis program for engineers.

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What they do:
Design and supervise the creation of highways, bridges, sewer and water systems, power plants, and the like. Huge projects in countries like China and India are creating a shortage of qualified local engineers, bolstering demand for U.S. talent. America’s own infrastructure is in desperate need of an overhaul.

What’s to like:
What’s perhaps most satisfying for engineers is the tangible legacy they leave. “My son and grandson will be able to see how I left my mark on the world,” says Tajudeen Bakare, 52, of CT Consultants, who has designed major bridge and highway improvements in the Columbus area. You can find jobs no matter what kind of community you prefer, from big cities to small towns.

What’s not to like:
The maze of permits and regulations can be maddening. Writing detailed proposals and speaking at local government hearings are not every engineer’s idea of nirvana.

Requirements:
A bachelor’s in civil engineering and a state license. Specialty jobs like structural engineer often require a master’s.

Civil Engineer stats

Pay
Median pay
(experienced) $80,000
Top pay $120,000
Opportunity
10-year job growth
(2008-2018) 24%
Total jobs
(current) 170,000
Quality of life ratings
Personal satisfaction B
Job security B
Future growth A
Benefit to society B
Low stress C
Flexibility B

From the November 2010 issue

Reference:
CNN.Com Money Magazine

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As per Google Insights for the term civil engineering, it shows that search volume for civil engineering is on decrease since 2004 and this decrease is still continued. Though the future trend, as forecasted by Google shows that this is rising

Following are the latest top searches for Google:

• Civil engineering jobs
• Engineering jobs
• Civil engineering university
• Civil engineer
• Engineer
• Civil engineers
• Civil engineering job
• Civil engineering companies
• Engineering companies
• Structural engineering

Rising Searches for the terms related to civil engineering are as below:

The list shows the search term and its percentage increase in search volume in a specific time period.

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The Chinese plan to blend two of the most widely used means of transportation into one, effective use of the infrastructure.

China Futuristic New Amazing Train System

Instead of creating additional railways on which trains to travel, China is planning to use the existing roads as railways, with minor touches here and there, of course.

Quite ingenious and logical, the way it works pretty much speaks for itself. Using existing road networks, the train is said to eliminate congestion whilst avoiding major changes in the road and public transport infrastructure. This also heaps keep costs to a minimum.

The ever-expanding Chinese have been getting quite creative lately, especially when it comes to combating traffic and congestion issues. The country is one of the world’s highest polluters, with city congestion not helping the situation. This has provoked Shenzhen Huashi Future, the guys usually responsible for all kinds of crazy car park designs, to come up with this extremely innovative traffic straddle train system.

Far quicker and cheaper to build than a subway or monorail system, the Straddling Bus system simply requires modification to existing roads, and the creation of a network of elevated bus stops. The road mods can either comprise inlaid rails – at a 30 percent energy saving due to lack of rolling resistance – or simply a painted colored line, which the buses can be programmed to follow autonomously as they roll on regular tires. Clearly the latter would be exceptionally cheap to deploy, requiring almost no disruption to the road.

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Details of the railway system – How it will be done?

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The three-dimensional fast bus will be deploying its wheels on each side of the road, on the rails fitted there. The actual wagons will be situated way up, over 2 meters higher than the surface of the road. Through its belly, the cars can keep on driving without being in anyway stopped from doing so by the train riding above.

The buses are 6 meters wide and 4.5 meters high, so they can straddle two lanes of traffic, and yet still fit under most existing overpasses. Each bus will have a capacity of 1,200 people, which sounds like a ridiculously large number, but then it’s worth remembering that China already has 120 cities with more than a million inhabitants – and by 2030 it will have double that. You simply can’t think in normal numbers when it comes to China.

According to the company, the entire railway will take one year to build and will cost 500 million yuan ($73 million). As for the train itself, it will be capable of transporting from 1,200 to 1,400 passengers. It uses only electricity or solar power and can travel by speeds of up to 60 km/h (37 mph). The system is hoped to help cut congestion by about 20 to 30 percent.

The train’s wheels are tracked alongside the outer edges of a motor vehicle lane using rails, allowing the carriage to physically roll over the top of the ordinary traffic. Of course, the special lanes that run under the train are restricted to light vehicle motorists with specific height limits.

The fully electric buses charge themselves in a new and unique way – which is called relay charging. All along each route, there are charging stations positioned in such a way that there is always a charging post in contact with the bus. The roof of the bus is itself an electrical conductor, so as it brushes against one of these charging posts, it’s juiced up as it runs. As its main load is starting and stopping at each station, the bus runs on high-power, fast-discharge super capacitors. The remaining energy after a start can sustain the bus through to the next stop.

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What if the cars or rail has to turn to sides?

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Since the buses will need to be able to turn off one road and onto another, it’s important to warn any cars trapped beneath the bus that something’s about to happen – and to warn the bus driver or automated pilot system that there’s still cars beneath. A laser/radar system is being employed to warn drivers about a bus’s intentions, and there’s even talk of integrating the bus with the traffic lights in such a way that when the cars wish to turn the same way as the bus is turning, they’ll get a green turn light, but the traffic moving straight ahead will be stopped at a distance that allows the straddling bus to turn.

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When the project will complete

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Reports say the entire 185km railway planned will take about one year to build, costing 500 million yuan (AU$80 million). That’s not all that expensive for a major infrastructure change, especially as developers say the system will be capable of transporting up to 1400 commuters, reducing overall congestion by as much as 30 percent.

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Sir. Vincent T. H. CHU has voluntarily joined AboutCivil.Com where he will be answering questions in civil engineering technical answers section and has also agreed to join as an article writer in civil engineering encyclopedia. We, the AboutCivil.Com team are grateful to him for his kind services. He is really serving the civil engineers world wide in a positive manner.

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